Introduction. Genitourinary oncology (GU Oncology) focuses on research and treatment of urinary system cancers in both genders, as well as malignancies affecting the male sexual organs

Urogenital disorders are problems that affect the urinary and genital tracts (reproductive organs). Before birth, development of the urinary tract and genital tract are closely linked. The parts of the urinary tract are located near or run through parts of the genital tract.

When cancer starts in the kidney, it is called kidney and renal pelvis cancer. It can also be called renal cell cancer as that is the most common type of kidney and renal pelvis cancer.

A person with kidney or renal pelvis cancer may or may not have one or more of the symptoms listed here. The same symptoms can also come from other causes. If you have any of these symptoms, talk to your doctor.

● Blood in the urine.
● A lump or swelling in the kidney area or abdomen.
● Lower back pain or pain in the side that doesn’t go away.
● Feeling tired often.
● Fever that keeps coming back.
● Not feeling like eating.
● Losing weight for no reason that you know of.
● Something blocking your bowels.
● A general feeling of poor health.

To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers :

● Don’t smoke, or quit if you do.
● Keep a healthy weight.
● Eat a healthy diet.
● Exercise.

The bladder (sometimes called the urinary bladder) is a balloon-shaped organ in your lower abdomen, near the pelvis. It stores urine from the kidneys until it is passed out of the body

Symptoms of Bladder Cancer :

● Blood in the urine.
● A lump or swelling in the kidney area or abdomen.
● Lower back pain or pain in the side that doesn’t go away.
● Feeling tired often.
● Fever that keeps coming back.
● Not feeling like eating.
● Losing weight for no reason that you know of.
● Something blocking your bowels.
● A general feeling of poor health.

To lower your risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancers :

Blood in the urine. This is the most common symptom :

● Having to urinate often.
● Pain while urinating.
● Back pain.
● Pelvic pain.

Smoking is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer. Other risk factors include :

● Having a family history of bladder cancer.
● Having certain gene mutations (unusual changes made when your body’s cells are dividing).
● Being exposed to too much of certain workplace chemicals used in processing paint, dye, metal, and petroleum products.
● Taking some kinds of chemotherapy drugs.
● Drinking well water contaminated with arsenic.